Key issues in developing numerical models for artificial weather modification

Numerical Weather Prediction Models

JMA operates NWP models to meet various kinds of requirements on weather forecasting. The suite of the NWP models covers a wide temporal range of forecast periods from a few hours to two seasons providing a seamless sequence of products for the public. The Global Spectral Model (GSM) produces 84-hour forecast four times a day (00, 06, 12, 18 UTC) to support the official short-range forecasting ...

A Numerical Model to Investigate Optimum Liquid Carbon Dioxide Seeding Rate in Weather Modification Projects

Grids in Numerical Weather and Climate Models

Since the early 20th century numerical weather prediction (NWP) has increasingly become one of the most important and complicated problems of modern science. With the advent of computers, increased observations, and progress in theoretical understanding, numerical models were developed. Since then, such models are playing an increasing role in under‐ standing and predicting weather and climate ...

Stochastic Models for Pricing Weather Derivatives using Constant Risk Premium

‎Pricing weather derivatives is becoming increasingly useful‎, ‎especially in developing economies‎. ‎We describe a statistical model based approach for pricing  weather derivatives by modeling and forecasting daily average temperatures data which exhibits long-range dependence‎. ‎We pre-process the temperature data by filtering for seasonality and volatility an...

Two adaptive radiative transfer schemes for numerical weather prediction models

Radiative transfer calculations in atmospheric models are computationally expensive, even if based on simplifications such as the δ-two-stream approximation. In most weather prediction models these parameterisation schemes are therefore called infrequently, accepting additional model error due to the persistence assumption between calls. This paper presents two so-called adaptive parameterisati...